In Western countries 10% of upper GI bleeds are caused by haemorrhage from oesophageal varices.
Of patients with an upper GI bleed and a history and examination suggestive of portal hypertension, only 30% will have an oesophageal varix as the source of the haemorrhage (1)
Endoscopy is essential in order to determine the site of bleeding from the upper GI tract.
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