ventilation/perfusion inequality - increased flow to the upper regions of the lung when the patient is upright. This is the opposite response to that seen in a normal individual and is the result of pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction in response to raised pulmonary venous pressure, which causes reduced perfusion of the basal regions of the lung.
reduced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume. Dynamic lung compliance is reduced.
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