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Aetiology

Authoring team

Important causes of hyperthyroidism include: (1)

  • Graves’ disease (2)
    • most common cause, accounting for about 75% of cases
    • typical seen in women aged 30-50 years but can occur at any age in both sexes
  • toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma
  • thyroiditis
    • subacute thyroiditis
    • silent thyroiditis
    • postpartum thyroiditis
  • drugs e.g. - levothyroxine/triiodothyronine, amiodarone, lithium,
  • β human chorionic gonadotrophin mediated hyperthyroidism:
    • Gestational hyperthyroidism
    • Choriocarcinoma
    • Hydatidiform mole
  • Struma ovarii
  • TSH secreting pituitary adenoma

Aetiology can be divided into:

  • primary:
    • due to pathology within the thyroid gland
    • most common
  • secondary:
    • a pathological process causes excessive stimulation of a normal thyroid gland

References:

  1. Thyroid disease: assessment and management. NICE guideline NG145. Published: 20 November 2019 Last updated: 12 October 2023
  2. Davies TF, Andersen S, Latif R, et al. Graves' disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Jul 2;6(1):52

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