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Differential diagnosis

Authoring team

It is important that clnicians should exclude other causes of hypercalcaemia.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) mediated causes of hypercalcaemis include:

  • primary hyperparathyroidism
  • familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
  • tertiary hyperparathyroidism
  • ectopic PTH production by a tumour

PTH independent mediated causes of hypercalcaemias include:

  • cancer: secretion of PTH related peptide, increased calcitriol, bone metastases
  • granulomatous diseases
  • vitamin D intoxication
  • drugs: thiazides, lithium, vitamin A
  • milk alkali syndrome
  • adrenal insufficiency
  • hyperthyroidism
  • immobilisation
  • vitamin A toxicity
  • chronic renal failure

Reference:

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