Transmission occurs via food or drink contaminated either directly or indirectly with animal faeces. This usually occurs via meat or eggs. Transmission also rarely occurs from person to person, i.e. between patients on a geriatric, maternity or neonatal unit.
The infecting dose generally needs to be greater than 100,000 organisms.
In recent years, multi-resistant strains of S. typhimurium, arising due to the widespread use of antibiotics in farm animals, have led to large outbreaks of Salmonellosis, particularly of the invasive type in the Middle east, Africa and India.
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