The design is as follows:
Outcome
positive (cases) | negative (controls) | |
exposure | a | b |
non-exposure | c | d |
The direction of enquiry may be drawn thus:
Cause <-----------------------------Effect
i.e. the study starts the effect (e.g. a disease) and tries to look back to find the cause(s).
Add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation, such as a web address or phone number. This information will always be displayed when you visit this page