The consequences of a hyperviscous state may include:
mucosal bleeding
visual disturbances - from distension and tortuosity of retinal veins, with narrowing at arteriovenous crossing, producing a segmented "sausage link" pattern; retinal haemorrhage; rarely, papilloedema
CNS disturbances - vertigo, convulsions, alterations in mental status
right sided congestive heart failure
rheological claudication
proximal renal tubular acidosis or acute renal failure - due to increased excretion of light chains in certain hyperglobulinaemias
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