MDS occurs primarily in older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 70-75 years. It is more common in males than in females (approximately 2:1) and in smokers. It approaches 50 cases per 100,000 per year in persons over age 70 (1)
the increased incidence of MDS has been attributed to an improvement in geriatric medical care and diagnosis as well as to a general aging of the population (2)
MDS in younger adults and children is relatively rare, and is often associated with congenital disorders such as Down syndrome and Fanconi syndrome. (3)
Reference:
Roman E, Smith A, Appleton S, et al. Myeloid malignancies in the real-world: occurrence, progression and survival in the UK's population-based Haematological Malignancy Research Network 2004-15. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Jun;42:186-98.
Ma X. Epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Med. 2012 Jul;125(7 suppl):S2-5.
Fenaux P, Haase D, Santini V, et al; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Myelodysplastic syndromes: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Feb;32(2):142-56.
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