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Risk factors

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Risk factors associated with UTIs include:

  • bladder outlet obstruction
  • anatomic functional abnormalities of the urinary tract with incomplete bladder emptying (e.g., neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteric reflux)
  • previous urinary tract surgery
  • recent procedures: cystoscopy, catheterization, or transrectal prostate biopsy (1)
  • immunocompromised state
  • institutional care
  • age >65 years (1)
  • homosexuality - exposure to E.coli through anal intercourse
  • lack of circumcision - associated with an enhanced colonization of the prepuce and glans by E.coli
  • sexual partner with vaginal colonization by uropathogens (2)
  • CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 per cubic millimetre
  • general predisposing factors (see menu)

Intercourse with an infected partner, anal intercourse and lack of circumcision have been associated with acute uncomplicated UTI’s (2).

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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