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Aetiology

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The most usual cause of encephalitis in the UK is herpes simplex virus. HIV infection is of increasing importance.

Other causes of encephalitis include:

  • measles
  • mumps
  • poliomyelitis
  • varicella
  • subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  • progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
  • California bunyavirus
  • Coxsackie virus
  • cytomegalovirus
  • Echo virus
  • herpes zoster
  • Behcet's syndrome

Reference

  1. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104.

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