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Efferent structures innervated by spinal level

Authoring team

The preganglionic sympathetic fibres pass to a given set of structures according to the spinal level from which they emerge:

  • eye: T1 to T2
  • head: T1 to T3
  • heart: T1 to T5
  • upper limb: T1 to T6
  • lungs: T2 to T6
  • oesophagus: T4 to T6
  • stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas: T7 to T9
  • small intestine: T9 to T10
  • appendix, colon, gonads: T10 to T11
  • suprarenal glands: T10 to L1
  • lower limb: T11 to L2
  • rectum, bladder, uterus: T12 to L2
  • kidney: T12 to L1
  • ureter: L1 to L2

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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