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Aetiology

Authoring team

Most cases of uveitis are idiopathic, presumed to be due to an autoimmune process (1).

Other recognized causes include:

  • Infections:
    • parasitic infection:
      • toxoplasmosis – common cause of posterior uveitis
    • viral infections:
      • cytomegalovirus
      • herpes simplex
      • herpes zoster
    • bacterial and treponemal:
      • tuberculosis
      • syphilis
  • Systemic inflammatory disease:
    • HLA-B27-associated diseases:
      • ankylosing spondylitis
      • psoriatic arthritis
      • reactive arthritis
      • inflammatory bowel disease
    • sarcoidosis
    • juvenile idiopathic arthritis
    • Behçet disease (2)
    • multiple sclerosis (3)
  • Neoplasms:
    • intraocular tumors, in particular, intraocular lymphoma (3)
  • Trauma (1)
  • Hypersensitivity to medications:
    • cidofovir and rifabutin (3)

References:

  1. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG). What is uveitis?
  2. de Boer J. et al. Visual loss in uveitis of childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jul;87(7):879-84
  3. Duranni OM et al. Degree, duration and causes of visual loss in uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(9):1159-1162

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