testing flexion (L2,3) - ask the patient to lift his leg off the bed. You (the examiner) then put your hand above onto his thigh and try to push the leg down whilst he tries to resist
testing extension (L5,S1,2) - ask the patient to press his heels into the bed - legs straight - and not to let you pull them up
testing abduction (L4,5,S1) - ask the patient position his leg to the side (abduct) and not to let you push it inwards
testing adduction (L2,3,4) - ask the patient to not let you pull his leg to the side
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