Hiatus hernia is the herniation of an abdominal organ into the thoracic cavity, usually the stomach, through a widening of the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm.
Two main types are recognised:
Depending on the subdivision of para-esophageal hiatal hernias, a more comprehensive classification has been proposed which divides hiatus hernia into four types:
Type II-IV belongs to the para oesophageal hernia group with type III being the most common (more than 90%) and type II the least common (2).
Rarely patients may present with a giant hiatal hernia, defined by a hernia that includes at least 30% of the stomach in the thorax.
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