Articular manifestations

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The articular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis include:

backache and stiffness usually worse after inactivity or on waking in the morning

back pain is usually initially in the lumbar region and then progresses to the thoracic region pain

10% of cases have swollen and tender peripheral joints

all movements of the spine are reduced, especially extension, resulting in:

failure to obliterate lumbar lordosis on forward flexion

painful heels and tenderness at the site of insertion of the achilles tendon - achilles tendinitis

in children a lower limb oligoarthritis usually precedes spinal involvement

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Articular manifestations

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