Symptoms of chronic schizophrenia, apart from negative symptoms, include:
- Motor disturbances (often called "catatonic")
- stupor and excitement
- repeated abnormal movements
- stereotypies (do not appear to be goal-directed)
- mannerisms (appear to be goal-directed)
- waxy flexibility: a disorder of muscle tone, in which the patient may be able to maintain an awkward posture for much longer than would a healthy person
þ Hallucinations (particularly auditory)
- Delusions, which may be held with little emotion, and "encapsulated" (other beliefs and daily life are not influenced by the conviction)
- Side-effects of long-term antipsychotic medication