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Aetiology of extrahepatic cholestasis

Authoring team

The cause of obstruction of any hollow organ may be divided into luminal, mural and extramural causes:

  • obstruction of the lumen of the bile ducts:
    • gall stones
    • parasites:
      • hydatid disease
      • liver fluke
      • round worms
    • iatrogenic:
    • post-T-tube cholangiography

  • mural obstruction:
    • congenital atresia
    • traumatic stricture e.g. ampullary stricture
    • sclerosing cholangitis
    • cholangiocarcinoma

  • extramural obstruction:
    • carcinoma of the head of pancreas
    • carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater
    • pancreatitis
    • porta hepatis tumours (often secondary deposits)
    • chronic duodenal ulceration

The most common causes are:

  • gallstones in the bile duct
  • carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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