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Pathway

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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The full standard pathway of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate to glucose is:

  • pyruvate carboxylase, within the mitochondrion, converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate
  • the malate-aspartate carrier system transfers oxaloacetate out of the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm
  • phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
  • enolase converts phosphoenolpyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate
  • phosphoglycerol mutase converts 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate
  • phosphoglycerate kinase converts 3-phosphogylcerate to 3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate
  • glyceraldehyde phosphate isomerase converts 3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  • fructose biphosphate aldolase converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate into fructose-1,6-biphosphate
  • fructose-1,6-biphosphatase converts fructose-1,6-biphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate
  • glucose-6-phosphate isomerase converts fructose-6-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate
  • glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate into glucose

Individual enzymes and their regulation is considered in the submenu, as is the entry into gluconeogenesis of a number of precursors.


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